在原始的简单句中,主语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词表示。 例如: During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词) We often speak English in class.(代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词) The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。 动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: 1.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。 如:He practices running every morning. 2.复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caughta bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students. 在英语中一个简单句只能有一个谓语动词(知道为什么吗),而且,我们平时学习的时态是针对谓语动词来说。如果以do为例,do,did,have done,will do,had done, is/am/are doing,was/were doing,would do。在简单句中,谓语动词和主语是句子的核心,是不可以随意删掉的。
宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 例如: They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词) The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school>How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词) They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow, turn,seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词。 Our teacher of English is an American.(名词) Is it yours?(代词) The weather has turned cold.(形容词) The speech is exciting.(分词) Three times seven is twenty one?(数词) 1、定语:修饰名词或代词的词为定语。 定语可由以下等成分表示:(在汉语里,定语可以翻译成…的) Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词) China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词) There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词) His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词) 2、状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。 状语在高中是一个相对抽象的概念,在简单句中状语一般由副词充当,修饰动词和形容词为主,除此之外,介词短语在简单句中也喜欢扮演状语的作用,这个语法点主要存在于我们的语法填空和短文改错中。
1、只加不定式作宾语的动词:plan,demand,promise,help,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish/hope,expect,fail,pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,hesitate,happen等; 2、只加动名词作宾语的动词:admit,avoid, consider,escape,imagine,mind,miss,practice,suggest, advise,allow, permit,risk,prevent,resist,deny, forbid,advocate,forgive,acknowledge,postpone, delay, fancy,recall,finish/complete,acknowledge等; 3、下面这些短语只能加doing作宾语:be addicted to,be accustomed to,get down to,lead to ,contribute to, devote oneself to,object to,look forward to,owing to,become/get/be used to,pay attention to等等; 4、既可以加to do,也可以加doing的动词,且意思很相近的动词:intend,attempt,continue,begin,start等。 5、接to do 和doing 作宾语意义差别很大的动词:mean, forget, try, go on等。 To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式) Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词) He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语) I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语) Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语) The boy playing football(动名词短语) is my brother The dog killed by a car(过去分词短语) is very fierce. 注意:非谓语动词短语作定语时,要放在修饰词的后面,形容词做定语时,放在修饰词的前面。 非谓语动词短语是一个全新的语法概念,因为与我们汉语语法思维差别很大,所以同学们对此不是很理解,所以在学习时需要转换下思维。它的出现解决了英语单词扮演不了的功能,英语进入了一个崭新的发展时期。 从句的到来,随着英语的进一步发展,非谓语动词短语的功能逐渐衰退。 主(我们所需要的东西)+is +much knowledge I know宾(Tom 什么时候回来) My question is (是否我们需要好好学英语) I love a place(有很多鲜花和绿树的地方) 我们会发现,这时出现了一个句子来扮演成分的功能,所以也就有日后大家学习的宾语从句,主语从句,表语从句,定语从句相关概念了,而且我们知道在改错和语法填空里,这些都是高频考点。
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